![]() ![]() It’s great weather today, isn’t it? よ (yo) It’s used as a rhetorical device, like saying “it’s a sunny day, isn’t it?” Here’s a general formation of this particle: Sentence ね Here’s an example sentence: 今日はいい天気ですね。 Kyou ha ii tenki desu ne. It’s like a rising intonation that’s kind of like a question tag to ask for confirmation from the listener. This next particle ね (ne) is used at the end of sentences. Here’s an example sentence: 8時から18時まで買い物に行きました。 Hachi-ji kara juu-hachi-ji made kaimono ni ikimashita. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Noun まで. It shows the extent of an action or period of time. The まで (made) particle is usually used with the previous particle. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Noun から. If used as a point in time, it can be translates as “since” or “after”. The Japanese particle から (kara) is used to indicate the source of an object or action. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Noun の noun Here’s an example sentence: 私の名前はアズラです。 Watashi no namae wa azura desu. In English, it’s kind of like the apostrophe-s (‘s). This Japanese particle, の (no) indicates possession. ![]() In Japan, there are big cities like Tokyo and Osaka, etc. Here’s an example sentence: 日本の都市には東京や大阪があります nihon no toshi niwa toukyou ya oosaka ga arimasu. Similar to the previous particle, や (ya) is used kind of like “and”, but it can translate to “such things as…” Here’s a general formation of this particle: A や B や. Here’s an example sentence: パンとご飯とパスタが好きです。 Pan to gohan to pasuta ga suki desu. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Noun と noun と noun…. ![]() It connects two nouns together to make a single noun. The と (to) particle is like the English word (and). Here’s a general formation of this particle: Noun は Property/Action です。 Noun も Property/Action です。 Here’s an example sentence: 私はペンがあります。 私もペンがあります。 Watashi ha pen ga arimasu. When this particle is used, other particles like ga, wa or wo is replaced. It’s used, similarly in English, when something said previously is also true for the current state. This Japanese particle も (mo) acts like the English word “too” or “also”. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Noun を verb Here’s an example sentence: 私はパンケーキを食べました. Usually, it follows nouns or noun phrases. The を (wo) particle is used to mark the object of the sentence. Here’s an example sentence: プールで泳ぎました Pu-ru de oyogimashita. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Location で …. This one indicates the location of the action rather than the direction. This Japanese particle, で (de), is also related to location. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Location へ verb Here’s an example sentence: 彼女へ本をあげました。 Kanojo he hon wo agemashita. This particle is specifically for directions, whereas に can be used for other directional usage. The Japanese particle へ (e/he) is kind of similar to に but the difference is that へ emphasizes the direction over the arrival. Here’s an example sentence: コンビニに行きます。 Konbini ni ikimasu. Here’s a general formation of this particle: Place に verb. It is also used when you’re receiving something from someone, which then it has the meaning of “from”, but that’s a whole other article all together. Usually, the following word after it is a moving verb. The Japanese particle に (ni) is used to indicate a place that something is moving towards. Here’s an example sentence: つくえのうえにほん が あります。 tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu There is a book on the desk. However, the difference is that this particle is used when you’re first introducing the subject or when you’re emphasizing something to distinguish it from the rest. The next particle, が (ga), is similar to the previous one. Here’s an example sentence: 明日は休みです。 Ashita ha yasumi desu. Here’s a general formation of this particle:A は B です。 A wa B desu. The topic can be anything from the subject, object and sometimes even verbs. This always followed the topic of the sentence, hence this particle is often called the topic marking particle. The most common Japanese particle is wa は (wa/ha). I admit, when I first started learning Japanese, I was extremely confused by everything! Some of them have the same usage for me! Not to worry, here, we’ll clarify all the Japanese particles - or at least most of them, the common ones - with examples of its usage. Japanese particles are small words which are used in between other words to show the relations of the sentence. When you’re just starting to learn Japanese, you’d be stumped by the number of particles they have.
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